SD Dojavi
OSMRTNICE
PRETPLATA
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stdClass Object ( [id] => 1243474 [title] => Kupovina automobila: bolje rabljeni s četiri nego novi s tri cilindra [alias] => kupovina-automobila-bolje-rabljeni-s-cetiri-nego-novi-s-tri-cilindra [catid] => 299 [published] => 1 [introtext] => [fulltext] =>

Puno je potencijalnih kupaca, ali i drugih zaljubljenika u automobile koji su skeptični prema 3-cilindarskim motorima.

Naročito ako imaju malu kubikažu i puno “konja” te eventualno turbopunjač koji je u posljednje vrijeme postao neizostavni dio takvih motora. Ima dosta slučajeva u kojima kupci odustaju od namjeravane kupnje automobila kada čuju da ovaj umjesto četiri ima (samo) tri cilindra.

Motori s tri cilindra uz promjenu materijala i tehnologija poprilično su prikrili svoje nedostatke, ali se ne može izbjeći činjenica da su opterećeniji od onih s četiri cilindra. Isti materijali i tehnologije se ugrađuju u 3-cilindarske, ali isto tako u 4-cilindarske motore pri čemu sama fizika diktira da ovi drugi traju duže. Mehanički popravci kod manjih 3-cilindarskih motora ovog tipa nisu tvornički zamišljeni i kod mehaničkih neispravnosti na klipnom mehanizmu potrebno je zamijeniti cijeli motor.

Svi vodeći proizvođači, u klasama vozila koja se najčešće kupuju, prelaze na 3-cilindarske 1,0-litrene turbobenzince s direktnim ubrizgavanjem, koji zbilja vuku isto ili bolje od atmosferskih obujma 1.6 ili, čak 1.8 litara. Sve je krasno, fino i lijepo, u prospektu. Dakle, uz višu cijenu imate osjećaj vožnje “hi-tech” auta, koji, barem na papiru, troši litru manje od benzinskog motora bez turbopunjača, kaže dr. Željko Marušić.

Po službenim podacima, u normalnoj vožnji “po propisima”, downsizing-motori gutaju pet do šest, a klasični šest do sedam litara na 100 km. U praksi, oba troše po osam, a ako se baš nagaze, i više od deset. Dakle, tada vuku kao veliki, ali i troše kao veliki. Deklaracije o potrošnji goriva, svih proizvođača, u velikoj su mjeri frizirane, a deklarirane vrijednosti u praksi su nedostižne. A 3-cilindrični motori manje troše u “laboratorijskim uvjetima”, postižu nižu deklariranu potrošnju goriva, proporcionalno i emisiju CO2 po kojoj se obračunava trošarina, premda realno potrošnja nije bila niža.

A održavanje im je znatno skuplje, jer trebaju koristiti sintetično ulje 5W 30, dvostruko skuplje od polusintetičnog 10W 40 za obične benzince, ni najmanji zahvat ne može se napraviti izvan ovlaštenog servisa, kad stanu pomaže samo šlep-služba... A u perspektivi turbopunjač, brizgaljke...

Štednja se kod 3-cilindraša postiže većim toplinskim i mehaničkim opterećenjem (izgaranje pri višim temperaturama i tlakovima temelje je štednje goriva) i znatno složenijom izvedbom, pa na duži rok imaju neusporedivo veći rizik skupih kvarova: turbopunjač, brizgaljke, senzori, sustav Start&Stop... Aduti za naknadnu prodaju znatno se smanjuje, jer tko će kupiti auto kojemu se očekivani popravci plaćaju ‘suhim zlatom’?! Stoga se prosječni kupac baš i neće okoristiti novom tehnologijom s više snage iz manjeg obujma, s tri cilindra.

Nitko u ovom trenutku ne može kazati, a kamoli garantirati koliko će 3-cilindarski motori s turbopunjačem napraviti kilometara, a da ne “puknu”.

Motori u današnjim automobilima su četverotaktni (usis, kompresija, ekspanzija i ispuh), a samo jedan od ta četiri takta je radni takt (ekspanzija). Bitna prednost kod motora sa četiri cilindra je što u svakom trenutku jedan cilindar “radi”, daje snagu motoru. Kod motora s tri cilindra postoji problem što kod završetka radnog takta na jednom cilindru postoji “prazni hod”, odnosno motor se okreće zbog inercije. Zato su motori sa četiri cilindra uglađeniji i mirnije rade u odnosu na 3-cilindarske motore kod kojih se javljaju vibracije koje su posebno izražene u praznom hodu.

Motori s četiri cilindra su puno izdržljiviji, mirnije i uravnoteženije rade, pa samim time treba očekivati da će napraviti više kilometara od 3-cilindarskog turbobenzinca. Možda bi najbolji savjet, ako se ikoga uopće može savjetovati po tom pitanju, je prilikom kupnje novog automobila uzeti 3-cilindarski motor s turbopunjačem, a kod rabljenih birati marku i model s 4-cilindarskim agregatom.

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Puno je potencijalnih kupaca, ali i drugih zaljubljenika u automobile koji su skeptični prema 3-cilindarskim motorima.

Naročito ako imaju malu kubikažu i puno “konja” te eventualno turbopunjač koji je u posljednje vrijeme postao neizostavni dio takvih motora. Ima dosta slučajeva u kojima kupci odustaju od namjeravane kupnje automobila kada čuju da ovaj umjesto četiri ima (samo) tri cilindra.

Motori s tri cilindra uz promjenu materijala i tehnologija poprilično su prikrili svoje nedostatke, ali se ne može izbjeći činjenica da su opterećeniji od onih s četiri cilindra. Isti materijali i tehnologije se ugrađuju u 3-cilindarske, ali isto tako u 4-cilindarske motore pri čemu sama fizika diktira da ovi drugi traju duže. Mehanički popravci kod manjih 3-cilindarskih motora ovog tipa nisu tvornički zamišljeni i kod mehaničkih neispravnosti na klipnom mehanizmu potrebno je zamijeniti cijeli motor.

Svi vodeći proizvođači, u klasama vozila koja se najčešće kupuju, prelaze na 3-cilindarske 1,0-litrene turbobenzince s direktnim ubrizgavanjem, koji zbilja vuku isto ili bolje od atmosferskih obujma 1.6 ili, čak 1.8 litara. Sve je krasno, fino i lijepo, u prospektu. Dakle, uz višu cijenu imate osjećaj vožnje “hi-tech” auta, koji, barem na papiru, troši litru manje od benzinskog motora bez turbopunjača, kaže dr. Željko Marušić.

Po službenim podacima, u normalnoj vožnji “po propisima”, downsizing-motori gutaju pet do šest, a klasični šest do sedam litara na 100 km. U praksi, oba troše po osam, a ako se baš nagaze, i više od deset. Dakle, tada vuku kao veliki, ali i troše kao veliki. Deklaracije o potrošnji goriva, svih proizvođača, u velikoj su mjeri frizirane, a deklarirane vrijednosti u praksi su nedostižne. A 3-cilindrični motori manje troše u “laboratorijskim uvjetima”, postižu nižu deklariranu potrošnju goriva, proporcionalno i emisiju CO2 po kojoj se obračunava trošarina, premda realno potrošnja nije bila niža.

A održavanje im je znatno skuplje, jer trebaju koristiti sintetično ulje 5W 30, dvostruko skuplje od polusintetičnog 10W 40 za obične benzince, ni najmanji zahvat ne može se napraviti izvan ovlaštenog servisa, kad stanu pomaže samo šlep-služba... A u perspektivi turbopunjač, brizgaljke...

Štednja se kod 3-cilindraša postiže većim toplinskim i mehaničkim opterećenjem (izgaranje pri višim temperaturama i tlakovima temelje je štednje goriva) i znatno složenijom izvedbom, pa na duži rok imaju neusporedivo veći rizik skupih kvarova: turbopunjač, brizgaljke, senzori, sustav Start&Stop... Aduti za naknadnu prodaju znatno se smanjuje, jer tko će kupiti auto kojemu se očekivani popravci plaćaju ‘suhim zlatom’?! Stoga se prosječni kupac baš i neće okoristiti novom tehnologijom s više snage iz manjeg obujma, s tri cilindra.

Nitko u ovom trenutku ne može kazati, a kamoli garantirati koliko će 3-cilindarski motori s turbopunjačem napraviti kilometara, a da ne “puknu”.

Motori u današnjim automobilima su četverotaktni (usis, kompresija, ekspanzija i ispuh), a samo jedan od ta četiri takta je radni takt (ekspanzija). Bitna prednost kod motora sa četiri cilindra je što u svakom trenutku jedan cilindar “radi”, daje snagu motoru. Kod motora s tri cilindra postoji problem što kod završetka radnog takta na jednom cilindru postoji “prazni hod”, odnosno motor se okreće zbog inercije. Zato su motori sa četiri cilindra uglađeniji i mirnije rade u odnosu na 3-cilindarske motore kod kojih se javljaju vibracije koje su posebno izražene u praznom hodu.

Motori s četiri cilindra su puno izdržljiviji, mirnije i uravnoteženije rade, pa samim time treba očekivati da će napraviti više kilometara od 3-cilindarskog turbobenzinca. Možda bi najbolji savjet, ako se ikoga uopće može savjetovati po tom pitanju, je prilikom kupnje novog automobila uzeti 3-cilindarski motor s turbopunjačem, a kod rabljenih birati marku i model s 4-cilindarskim agregatom.

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Božidar Vukičević/Cropix
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Kupovina automobila: bolje rabljeni s četiri nego novi s tri cilindra

Piše Zdravko Juričko
25. studenog 2022. - 06:25
21303400
PREMIUM
Božidar Vukičević/Cropix

Puno je potencijalnih kupaca, ali i drugih zaljubljenika u automobile koji su skeptični prema 3-cilindarskim motorima.

Naročito ako imaju malu kubikažu i puno “konja” te eventualno turbopunjač koji je u posljednje vrijeme postao neizostavni dio takvih motora. Ima dosta slučajeva u kojima kupci odustaju od namjeravane kupnje automobila kada čuju da ovaj umjesto četiri ima (samo) tri cilindra.

Motori s tri cilindra uz promjenu materijala i tehnologija poprilično su prikrili svoje nedostatke, ali se ne može izbjeći činjenica da su opterećeniji od onih s četiri cilindra. Isti materijali i tehnologije se ugrađuju u 3-cilindarske, ali isto tako u 4-cilindarske motore pri čemu sama fizika diktira da ovi drugi traju duže. Mehanički popravci kod manjih 3-cilindarskih motora ovog tipa ni...

#AUTO-MOTO#RABLJENI AUTOMOBILI
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